But the doer who is attached to the fruits of his labour, who passionately desires to enjoy them, who is greedy, envious, impure, tossed about by joys and sorrows, is said to be dominated by Passion.

The doer who always goes against the scriptural precepts, materialistic, obstinate, deceitful and skilled in insult, lazy, always morose, who constantly puts off till tomorrow, is said to be bathed in Ignorance

Now listen in detail. I will describe for you the three kinds of intelligence and determination, according to the three gunas (virtue, passion, ignorance).

The intelligence by which one distinguishes between what is right and wrong, what is to be feared and what is not, what binds and what releases, this intelligence proceeds from Virtue.

But the understanding which does not distinguish between the ways of religion and irreligion, nor does it distinguish between what is right and wrong to do, this imperfect understanding belongs to Passion.

As for the intelligence bathed in delusion and darkness, which mistakes irreligion for religion and religion for irreligion, which always turns to the evil path, this intelligence is Ignorance.

The determination which cannot be broken, which the practice of Yoga (the practice of union and communion with God) steadfastly sustains, and which thus governs the mind, the life itself and the movements of the senses, this determination proceeds from Virtue.

But the determination by which, in piety, the acquisition of goods, and the gratification of the senses, one holds fast to some personal fruit, this determination belongs to Passion.

As for the determination which proves impotent to lead beyond dreaming, fear, lamentation, gloom and delusion, this inapt determination belongs to Ignorance.

Now hear Me describe to you the three kinds of happiness enjoyed by the conditioned being, and by the repetition of which he sometimes comes to the end of all suffering. The happiness which at first may seem like poison, but in the end proves to be comparable to nectar, and which awakens to spiritual realisation, this happiness is said to proceed from Virtue.

But happiness born of the contact of the senses with their objects, which at first is like nectar, but in the end takes the taste of poison, this happiness is said to belong to Passion.

As for happiness which is blind to spiritual realisation, and which from beginning to end is only a chimera, born of sleep, laziness and illusion, this happiness is said to belong to Ignorance.