The sacrifices corresponding to each of these three orders.

Among the sacrifices, that which is performed out of duty, according to the rules of the Scriptures, and without expecting any fruit for oneself, belongs to virtue.

But the sacrifice made with a view to some material result or benefit, or in an ostentatious manner, out of pride, know that it is born of passion.

As for the sacrifice performed without any faith and outside the scriptural precepts, where no consecrated food is distributed, no hymn sung, where the priests receive no gift in return, it is said to be born of ignorance.

As for the sacrifice performed without any faith and outside the scriptural precepts, where no consecrated food is distributed, no hymn sung, where the priests receive no gift in return, it is said to be of ignorance.

The austerity corresponding to each of these three orders.

The austerities of the word are the use of truthful language, directed to the good of all, but also the avoidance of hurtful words, and the diligent recitation of the Vedas.

Serenity, simplicity, gravity, self-control and purity of thought are the austerities of the mind.

Practiced with faith by men whose aim is not to obtain some material benefit for themselves, but to satisfy the Supreme, the threefold union of these austerities proceeds from Virtue.

As for ostentatious penances, which seek the respect, honour and veneration of men, they are said to belong to the Passion. They are only unstable and ephemeral.

Finally, penances and austerities performed out of foolishness, and made up of obstinate tortures, or undergone with a view to wounding, to destroying, are said to come from ignorance.

The charity corresponding to each of these three orders.

Charity dictated by duty, done without expecting anything in return, under just conditions of time and place, and to whom it is worthy, this charity is said to be accomplished under the sign of Virtue.

But charity inspired by the hope of reward, or the desire for material fruit, or done against the heart, is said to belong to Passion.

Finally, charity which is not done at the proper time and place, nor to people who are worthy of it, or which is exercised in a disrespectful and contemptuous manner, is said to belong to Ignorance.